使用 RestSharp 调用 Web API

前言

在开发过程中，作为开发人员，我们需要多种方式来调用 Web API。这些方式可以是直接使用原生 HTTP 序列化库，或者借助 .NET 框架提供的第三方 HTTP 库。RestSharp 是一个基于 .NET 框架的 REST 客户端工具，它以其轻量级和高效性著称，适合处理 HTTP 请求任务。

RestSharp 简介

RestSharp 是一个强大的 HTTP 客户端工具，主要特点包括：

支持多种 HTTP 方法：支持 GET、POST、 PUT、PATCH、HEAD、OPTIONS、DELETE 和 COPY 等非标准 HTTP 方法。

自动序列化和反序列化：支持 JSON 和 XML 格式的数据自动序列化与反序列化。

灵活的请求配置：允许自定义请求头、参数和 URL Segments。

身份验证支持：支持 OAuth 1.0、OAuth 2.0、Basic、NTLM 和基于参数的身份验证等多种方式。

异步支持：允许通过 async/await 异步执行 HTTP 请求。

模糊匹配：支持 XML 或 JSON 元素名称与 C# 属性名的模糊匹配。

RestSharp 实战示例

安装 RestSharp

通过 NuGet 包管理器轻松安装 RestSharp：

PM> Install-Package RestSharp

创建 RestSharp 客户端

// 使用默认构造函数var client = new RestClient("https://api.example.com");// 自定义构造函数var client = new RestClient("https://api.example.com", new HttpBasicAuthenticator("username", "password"));

发送 HTTP 请求

var request = new RestRequest("resource/{id}", Method.POST);request.AddParameter("name", "value");request.AddUrlSegment("id", "123");request.AddObject(new { Id = 123, Name = "Test" });IRestResponse response = client.Execute(request);// 获取响应内容var content = response.Content;// 反序列化为对象var deserialized = response.Data;

异步请求

var request = new RestRequest("resource/{id}", Method.POST){    AddObject(new { Id = 123, Name = "Test" })};IRestResponse response = await client.ExecuteAsync(request);var result = response.Data;

自定义身份验证

client.Authenticator = new HttpDigestAuthenticator("username", "password");

实现 Rest 接口执行者

定义接口

public interface IRestSharp{    IRestResponse Execute(IRestRequest request);    T Execute
   
    (IRestRequest request) where T : new();    RestRequestAsyncHandle ExecuteAsync(IRestRequest request, Action
    
      callback);}

实现类

public class RestSharpClient : IRestSharp{    private RestClient client;    private string BaseUrl { get; set; }    private string DefaultDateParameterFormat { get; set; }    private IAuthenticator DefaultAuthenticator { get; set; }    public RestSharpClient(string baseUrl, IAuthenticator authenticator = null)    {        BaseUrl = baseUrl;        client = new RestClient(BaseUrl);        DefaultAuthenticator = authenticator;        DefaultDateParameterFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss";        if (DefaultAuthenticator != null)        {            client.Authenticator = DefaultAuthenticator;        }    }    public IRestResponse Execute(IRestRequest request)    {        request.DateFormat = string.IsNullOrEmpty(request.DateFormat)                           ? DefaultDateParameterFormat                           : request.DateFormat;        return client.Execute(request);    }    public T Execute
   
    (IRestRequest request) where T : new()    {        request.DateFormat = string.IsNullOrEmpty(request.DateFormat)                           ? DefaultDateParameterFormat                           : request.DateFormat;        var response = client.Execute(request);        return response.Data;    }    public RestRequestAsyncHandle ExecuteAsync(IRestRequest request, Action
    
      callback)    {        request.DateFormat = string.IsNullOrEmpty(request.DateFormat)                           ? DefaultDateParameterFormat                           : request.DateFormat;        return client.ExecuteAsync(request, callback);    }}

使用案例

获取数据

var client = new RestSharpClient("http://localhost:82/");var result = client.Execute(new RestRequest("api/values", Method.GET));var content = result.Content;

发送 POST 请求

var client = new RestSharpClient("http://localhost:82/");var request = new RestRequest("api/values", Method.POST){    AddObject(new { Name = "Test" })};var response = client.Execute(request);

实现 HttpHelper 类

GET API

public static class HttpHelper{    public static T GetApi
   
    (int regattaId, string apiName, string pragm = "")    {        var client = new RestSharpClient($"{SiteConfig.GetSite("Url")}");        var apiNameStr = string.Format($"{SiteConfig.GetSite($"{apiName}")}", regattaId);        var request = string.IsNullOrEmpty(pragm)                        ? new RestRequest(apiNameStr, Method.GET)                        : new RestRequest($"{apiNameStr}/{pragm}", Method.GET);        if (request.StatusCode != HttpStatusCode.OK)        {            return (T)Convert.ChangeType(request.ErrorMessage, typeof(T));        }        T result = (T)Convert.ChangeType(request.Content, typeof(T));        return result;    }    public static T PostApi
    
     (int regattaId, int id, string url, string alias)    {        var client = new RestClient($"{url}");        IRestRequest request = new RestRequest();        request.Method = Method.POST;        request.AddHeader("Accept", "application/json");        request.RequestFormat = DataFormat.Json;        request.AddBody(new { UserId = id, Url = url, Alias = alias, Count = 1 });        var result = client.Execute(request);        if (result.StatusCode != HttpStatusCode.OK)        {            return (T)Convert.ChangeType(result.ErrorMessage, typeof(T));        }        T response = (T)Convert.ChangeType(result.Content, typeof(T));        return response;    }}

调用示例

// GETvar notificationList = HttpHelper.GetApi
   
    (regattaId, "notification");// POSTvar result = HttpHelper.PostApi
    
     (regattaId, id, url, alias);

API 端接收

GET 请求

[Route("{regattaId}/[controller]")][HttpGet]public async Task
   
     GetNotifications(int regattaId){    return await _notificationServices.GetNotifications(regattaId);}

POST 请求

[Route("{regattaId}/pageviews")][HttpPost]public async Task PostInfo(int regattaId, [FromBody] PageViewsDto pageViewsDto){    await _pageviewServices.InsertPostInfo(regattaId, pageViewsDto);}

PageViewsDto 定义

public class PageViewsDto{    public int Id { get; set; }    public string Url { get; set; }    public string Alias { get; set; }    public string UserId { get; set; }    public int Count { get; set; }    public PageViewsDto()    {        Id = 0;        Count = 1;    }}

发送 POST 请求并携带实体参数

public async Task UpdateUser(PersonModel model){    var url = $"{SiteConfig.GetSite("Url")}{SiteConfig.GetSite("updateUserByAccount")}";    var resultDetil = await HttpUtil.PostResultAsync(model, url);    return resultDetil;}

PostResultAsync 实现

public static class HttpUtil{    public static async Task
   
     PostResultAsync
    
     (object obj, string url)    {        var setting = new JsonSerializerSettings();        setting.Converters.Add(new StringEnumConverter());        setting.NullValueHandling = NullValueHandling.Ignore;        var retdata = await HttpPostAsync(url, JsonConvert.SerializeObject(obj, setting));        return JsonConvert.DeserializeObject
     
      (retdata);    }    private static async Task
      
        HttpPostAsync(string url, string postData, string certPath = "", string certPwd = "")    {        var request = CreateJsonRequest(url, HttpMethod.POST, postData, certPath, certPwd);        return await GetResponseStringAsync(request);    }    private static HttpWebRequest CreateJsonRequest(string url, HttpMethod method, string postData = "", string certpath = "", string certpwd = "")    {        var request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);        request.Method = method.ToString();        request.ContentType = "application/json; charset=utf-8";        request.Accept = "*/*";        request.Timeout = 15000;        request.AllowAutoRedirect = false;        ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback = new RemoteCertificateValidationCallback((a, b, c, d) => true);        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(certpath) && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(certpwd))        {            X509Certificate2 cer = new X509Certificate2(certpath, certpwd,                                X509KeyStorageFlags.PersistKeySet | X509KeyStorageFlags.MachineKeySet);            request.ClientCertificates.Add(cer);        }        if (method == HttpMethod.POST)        {            using (var sw = new StreamWriter(request.GetRequestStream()))            {                sw.Write(postData);            }        }        return request;    }    private static async Task
       
         GetResponseStringAsync(HttpWebRequest request)    {        using (var response = await request.GetResponseAsync() as HttpWebResponse)        {            using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream(), Encoding.UTF8))            {                return reader.ReadToEnd();            }        }    }}

结论

RestSharp 是一个强大的 HTTP 客户端工具，适用于调用 RESTful Web 服务。通过 RestSharp，我们可以轻松地发送各种 HTTP 请求，并处理响应数据。通过自定义的接口和类，我们可以将 REST 调用嵌入到日常的开发工作中，提高开发效率。

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